内容摘要：Prof de Andrés-Herrero said her research group's findings mark "an important contribution to the debate on Neanderthals' symbolic capacity, because it represents the first known pigment-marked object in an archaeological context" and it is "clear it is a Neanderthal site".

Prof de Andrés-Herrero said her research group's findings mark "an important contribution to the debate on Neanderthals' symbolic capacity, because it represents the first known pigment-marked object in an archaeological context" and it is "clear it is a Neanderthal site".

"It was really humbling and surreal," says archivist Joanne Shortland, head of Heritage Collections at the Jaguar Daimler Heritage Trust, after depositing records, engineers' drawings and photographs of historic car models."I have all these formats that are becoming obsolete.

"You need to keep changing the file format and making sure that it's accessible in 20 or 30, years time. The digital world has so many problems."When Storm Babet hit the town of Trowell in Nottingham in 2023, Claire Sneddon felt confident her home would not be affected.After all, when she bought the property in 2021, she was told by the estate agent that a previous flood the year before, which had reached but not affected the property, was a once-in-a-lifetime event, and that flooding measures to protect the properties on the cul-de-sac would be put in place.

However, when Storm Babet tore through the UK two years later, Ms Sneddon's home flooded after several days of rain."We knew there would be water on the cul-de-sac but no one expected it to flood internally again. However, water entered the property for five hours," she says.

"It reached to the top of the skirting boards. We had to have all the flooring, woodwork and lower kitchen replaced, which took nearly 12 months."

Their final insurance bill was around £45,000.So one option is to replace the refrigerants with more climate-friendly versions. But the candidates with the lower global warming potential, also have problems.

For instance, propane is highly flammable. Ammonia is toxic. Carbon dioxide works at high pressures, requiring specialised equipment.But as many places phase down HFCs, alternative refrigerants will remain important.

Ms Sachar says that we still need refrigerants because for home cooling, "A/Cs as we know them today will continue to be the solution, at least for the next decade or so".In the longer term, some scientists are looking toward cooling devices that don't need liquid refrigerants at all.