内容摘要：Muslims perform many rites and rituals during the days of the Hajj, which can be explained in the following steps.

Muslims perform many rites and rituals during the days of the Hajj, which can be explained in the following steps.

Humtsoe said the past decade has shown that the private sector and government in Nagaland have complemented each other in promoting coffee.Nagaland’s growing coffee story also coincides with an overall increase in India’s exports of coffee beans.

In 2024, India’s coffee exports surpassed $1bn for the first time, with production doubling compared with 2020-21. While more than 70 percent of India’s coffee comes from the southern state of Karnataka, the Coffee Board has been trying to expand cultivation in the Northeast.Building a coffee culture in Nagaland is no easy feat, given that decades of unrest left the state in want of infrastructure and almost completely reliant on federal funding. Growing up in the 1990s, when military operations against alleged armed groups were frequent and security forces would often barge into homes, day or night, Humtsoe wanted nothing to do with India.At one point, he stopped speaking Nagamese – a bridge dialect among the state’s 16 tribes and a creole version of the Indian language, Assamese. But he grew disillusioned with the

rooted in separatism that armed groups were seeking. And the irony of the state’s dependence on funds from New Delhi hit the now 39-year-old.Coffee became his own path to self-determination.

“From 2016 onwards, I was more of, ‘How can I inspire India?’”

The quality challengeThe views expressed in this article are the author’s own and do not necessarily reflect Al Jazeera’s editorial stance.

Gangs that smuggle gold and launder money, that is what the Gold Mafia investigation is about. But who are they exactly?They are rival gangs — with many different characters. From new-age pastors to old-school smugglers, and from diplomats to the Zimbabwean president’s niece, Al Jazeera’s latest investigation, Gold Mafia, has uncovered a band of criminals driving gold smuggling and money laundering worth billions of dollars in Southern Africa.

These are some of the key individuals running the mafia.Kamlesh Pattni aka ‘Brother Paul’