内容摘要：Volunteers stack donated water for people impacted by the Altadena Fire at a donation center at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, Calif., on Wednesday, Jan. 15, 2025. (AP Photo/Richard Vogel)

Volunteers stack donated water for people impacted by the Altadena Fire at a donation center at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, Calif., on Wednesday, Jan. 15, 2025. (AP Photo/Richard Vogel)

John Baker stands near a cross that he and his father erected to mark the location where a church used to stand near the Chippewa Flowage on the Lac Courte Oreilles Reservation, Sunday, April 14, 2024, near Hayward, Wis. (AP Photo/John Locher)“There were bodies floating out of the Flowage for years afterward,” said Patty Loew, a retired journalism professor who has written several books on the history of tribes and is a citizen of the Mashkiiziibii, also known as the Bad River Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians.

Baker says that his grandmother has an old map with the names and home locations of many people who once lived there, and that she always told him to protect this place. “That’s what we are. We’re protectors of the land,” he said.John Baker holds a spear while getting ready to fish at the Chippewa Flowage on the Lac Courte Oreilles Reservation, Sunday, April 14, 2024, near Hayward, Wis. (AP Photo/John Locher)John Baker holds a spear while getting ready to fish at the Chippewa Flowage on the Lac Courte Oreilles Reservation, Sunday, April 14, 2024, near Hayward, Wis. (AP Photo/John Locher)

EDITOR’S NOTE: This is part of a series of on how tribes and Indigenous communities are coping with and combating climate change.It’s just one example of a fraught and violent history that for centuries disrupted Indigenous people’s lives in the Upper Midwest and barred them from traditional food gathering practices like spearfishing, hunting and harvesting wild rice. Now Ojibwe and other Indigenous people are fighting to keep the way of life vibrant — all the more important given that history — in the face of new threats like climate change and lakeshore development.

“I look at it as we’re on a path of reconciling things. And we’re gonna continue that path,” said Brian Bisonette, conservation director of the Lac Courte Oreilles Conservation Department. “I’m honoring my ancestors by taking up these fights, because they didn’t have a voice.”

When the newly formed United States government’s Confederation Congress adopted the Northwest Ordinance in 1787, it promised that “the utmost good faith shall always be observed towards the Indians; their land and property shall never be taken from them without their consent; and in their property, rights, and liberty, they shall never be invaded or disturbed.” Area tribes, under intense pressure as U.S. “progress was mowing everything in its path,” as Loew put it, signed treaties in 1837, 1842, and 1854, ceding land to the United States government but retaining the right to hunt, gather and fish in those territories.The Russell 2000 is down 116.90 points, or 5.2%.

U.S. stocks leapt after China and the United States announced a 90-day truce in their trade war.The S&P 500 jumped 3.3% Monday. The Dow Jones Industrial Average rose more than 1,100 points, and the Nasdaq composite rallied 4.3%.

Hopes for an economy less encumbered by tariffs also sent crude oil prices higher. The U.S. dollar strengthened against other currencies, and Treasury yields jumped on expectations the Federal Reserve won’t have to cut interest rates so deeply this year in order to protect the economy.Analysts warned conditions could still quickly change, as has so often happened in President Donald Trump’s trade wars.