内容摘要：Hamas-led militants killed 1,200 people in the 2023 attack. Israel’s retaliatory offensive has killed over 52,800 Palestinians, many of them women and children, according to Gaza’s Health Ministry, which does not say how many of the dead were combatants or civilians.

Hamas-led militants killed 1,200 people in the 2023 attack. Israel’s retaliatory offensive has killed over 52,800 Palestinians, many of them women and children, according to Gaza’s Health Ministry, which does not say how many of the dead were combatants or civilians.

Ngatiroh says that after her mother Suratmi’s home collapsed due to flooding, she moved her into the windowless, dirt-floor home that they now share. Damp, moldy air hangs in the room as Ngatiroh walks through it while her mother lays on a bed in the living room.Ngatiroh’s home has not been spared from the floods either though, she says. They’ve used layers of dirt to try and raise the floor high enough to keep dry the mattress that Suratmi lays on throughout the day. The home’s kitchen has permanent standing water, while chickens use the back room as their grazing ground since the backyard disappeared to floods long ago.

Ngatiroh says that she wants to move to a new, drier home, but the family lacks the financial resources. Instead, she says, she will just keep adding layers of dirt to rise their home above the rising water, trying to keep her aging mother safe.Wahidah stands on her porch with her friends in Timbulsloko, Central Java, Indonesia, Sunday, July 31, 2022. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara)Wahidah stands on her porch with her friends in Timbulsloko, Central Java, Indonesia, Sunday, July 31, 2022. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara)

Sitting on the porch of house she was born in, Wahidah and her friends chat as they avoid the heat of the sun.She recalls how when she was little she would see buffalo roam through the village’s fields where rice, corn and chilis would grow. Some neighbors kept fish ponds filled with catfish they could sell at the market or eat themselves.

“Everything we needed was here,” she says.

She remembers how the water began to rise. The fields and trees all died from the salt water. All the buffalo were sold as there began to be no land to safely keep them. Even the fish ponds failed, the water getting so high the fish could jump over the netted walls. Eventually the graveyard became flooded, with the dead being buried further away.Experts say climate change is causing erratic weather conditions in the country, resulting in a rapid collapse of riverbanks and the destruction of village after village. During the monsoon season, which runs from June to October, many rivers change course, devouring markets, schools, mosques and homes near their banks.

Millions are at risk of being displaced and becoming “climate refugees” because of sea level rise, river erosion, cyclonic storms and salty water creeping inland, scientists say. Bangladesh is expected to have about a third of South Asia’s internal climate refugees by 2050, according to a World Bank report published last year.Mohammad Jewel stands on his land which was lost due to river erosion in Elisha Ghat area in Bhola, Bangladesh on July 4, 2022. (AP Photo/Mahmud Hossain Opu)

Mohammad Jewel stands on his land which was lost due to river erosion in Elisha Ghat area in Bhola, Bangladesh on July 4, 2022. (AP Photo/Mahmud Hossain Opu)When Jewel and Begum visited their family’s old home in Ramdaspur a year later, even more homes were washed away, the river surging through new lands. Jewel said the river never felt that close by as a child, but it inched nearer every year.